Local context
New York City, New York requires a route choice that aligns with the academic and specialist hospital networks across the five boroughs. The departure location may be urban or rural, meaning that the handover, driving time and selected airport vary from case to case. For international medical repatriation, the medical condition, available assistance and the complete door-to-door chain are assessed together in advance. The operational profile of New York City, New York is specifically determined by JFK and LGA, with EWR as an important nearby gateway, the healthcare axis of the academic and specialist hospital networks across the five boroughs and the road connections of FDR Drive, West Side Highway and the bridge and tunnel corridors; this combination differs from that of neighbouring states or cities.